Instytut Nauk o Zdrowiu / Institute of Health Sciences
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Item The influence of dietary preferences of obese people on the degree of obesity and body composition(2025) Polak-Szczybyło, Ewelina; Tabarkiewicz, JacekBackground: Obesity is a problem that affects people of all ages. According to WHO data, compared to 1975, the number of people with excessive body weight has tripled. A factor that makes solving the problem difficult is the number of causes that can contribute to the development of obesity, one of which is the dietary choices of obese people. Methods: Among 84 patients with body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than 30 kg/m2, height measurements and body composition analysis were performed using the bioelectrical impedance method (BIA) were performed. Each respondent completed a questionnaire containing a standardised FFQ-6 survey examining the frequency of consumption of particular food groups. Additionally, respondents had to complete a three-day food diary from which their nutritional intake was calculated. Results: Subjects preferred foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol and high in salt and sodium. Both of these aspects are related to the choices of respondents who most often consumed products such as processed meat (cold cuts, frankfurters, sausages). Additionally, the diet of obese people was characterised by a high content of simple sugars and too little dietary fibre due to the frequent consumption of white bread. Despite daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, the diet was low in fiber, folic acid, and minerals (magnesium, potassium, calcium, selenium, and iodine). Body composition was positively influenced by frequent consumption of oat flakes, rye flakes, barley flakes, vegetables, fruits, poultry, milk, lactose, omega 3, folates, copper, calcium, magnesium, selenium and iodine. Frequent consumption of sweet carbonated beverages, cheese, salt, sodium, alcohol, GI, starch, and vitamin B3 resulted in an increase in parameters associated with obesity. Conclusion: Dietary preferences affect not only body weight and BMI but also body composition, e.g., fat mass, fat-free mass, muscle mass, total body water, and visceral fat. Both the frequency of consumption of the food groups and the amount of nutrients in the diet are important in shaping body composition.Item Obesity and IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 in low-grade inflammation. Can they be manipulated by nutrition and stimulants?(2025) Polak-Szczybyło, Ewelina; Tabarkiewicz, JacekBackground: The IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 are screened evaluated most often in patients with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. There is a paucity of research focused on these cytokines in the obesity and its associated low-grade inflammation. Methods: The concentrations of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23 Serum were analysed in serum samples from of obese 84 obese subjects were analysed for the concetrations of IL-21, IL-22, and IL-23. In addition, each respondent of them had to complete the nutrition questionnaire and diary. Body composition analysis was performed using the bioimpedance method. Results: The level of IL-23 was negatively correlated statistically associated with the BMI value. Alcohol consumption decreases the level of IL-21 and Tobacco smoking increases the level of IL-21 and IL-23. People who practice sports have higher IL-23 levels than people those who do not. practice sports. Dietary factors such as the amount and type of carbohydrates in diet, the glycaemic index, the frequency of consumption of complex carbohydrates (wholemeal pasta), fast-foods, cottage cheese, eggs and fish affect the mentioned interleukins. Also the level of retinol, niacyne, ryboflavine, omega-3 and beta-carotene in diet influence the level of tested cytokines. Conclusion: In obese individuals without autoimmune diseases, reduced levels of IL-23 occur. IL-21, 22 and 23 may be influenced by lifestyle factors, ege.g., addictions, physical activity, frequency of consumption of particular product groups, and the content of nutrients in the diet.Item Body composition, lifestyle and nutrients on adiponectin and resistin levels and AR index in obese individuals(2024) Polak-Szczybyło, Ewelina; Tabarkiewicz, JacekBackground: Low-grade inflammation resulting from processes occurring in the adipose tissue of obese people is a factor in the occurrence of numerous diseases. Current research focuses on ways to regulate immunological mechanisms in adipose tissue in order to minimize the consequences for the health. Methods: Body composition analysis using BIA was performed among 84 adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). Serum was collected to analyze the concentration of adiponectin (ApN) and resistin. The subjects additionally completed a food frequency questionnaire FFQ-6 and a three-days food diary. Adiponectin-resistin index (AR index) was calculated. Results: Re-sistin showed a positive correlation with BMI and subcutaneous adipose tissue content. AR index value was also positively associated with the amount of adipose tissue and body mass. Adi-ponectin level in the blood of the studied individuals decreased with the content of lean tissue. Adiponectin level also decreased with the amount of carbohydrates, e.g. starch, and glycemic load of the diet. Resistin decreased in patients who frequently consumed white pasta and red meat, while AR index was positively associated with the amount of white rice and SFA and MUFA fatty acids consumed and negatively with the frequent consumption of carbohydrates, including starch. Physical activity was negatively correlated with adiponectin levels and AR index. Con-clusion: Body composition significantly affected the AR index and concentration of resistin and adiponectin in the blood of the subjects. Dietary factors also had a significant effect.Item Stworzenie i walidacja nowego wzoru do obliczania Podstawowej Przemiany Materii u dzieci i młodzieży aktywnych fizycznie - MINIATURA 5(2023) Łuszczki, EdytaMeasurement or estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE) should be the first step in determining energy demand in physically active boys. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate new equations for resting energy expenditure in male children and adolescents practicing soccer. The cross-sectional studywas carried out among 184 boys in the derivation group and 148 boys in the validation group (mean age 13.20 ± 2.16 years and 13.24 ± 1.75 years, respectively). The calorimeter and device for assessing body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were used. Model of multiple regression showed that REE can be predicted in this population with Eq. (1) (with height and weight data) or Eq. (2) (with age, height, and fat free mass data). Predictive Eq. (1) had an average error of 51 ± 199 kcal and predictive Eq. (2) − 39 ± 193 kcal. Cohen’s d coefficient was 0.2, which confirms the small difference. The bias was 4.7% and 3.9%, respectively. The accuracy was 61.2% in the population for predictive Eq. (1) and 66.2% for predictive Eq. (2). Therefore, the new equations developed and validated in this study are recommended for the estimation of REE in physically active boys, when the use of IC is not feasible or available.Item Change in patients’ psychophysical performance following lumbar discectomy relative to the postoperative rehabilitation programme(2019) Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Sobański, Grzegorz; Guzik, Agnieszka; Maciejczak, AndrzejAbstract Background. The aim of this study was to assess the change in psychophysical performance of patients after lumbar discectomy in relation to the postoperative rehabilitation programme. Material and Methods. The study involved 60 participants randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals. Both groups participated in a basic version of the rehabilitation programme, and individuals in the study group additionally received manual therapy. The evaluation was performed twice, before the start and after the completion of the 3-month rehabilitation programme. The tests were carried out to measure static balance, functional status using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), lumbar spine range of motion using the original Schober’s test and the intensity of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results. Both groups showed significant improvement in most of the psychophysical parameters assessed (study versus control p<0.01;p<0.05), except for the parameters of balance. In the study group, significant changes occurred in all parameters except X average, Area circular and average velocity in trials with eyes closed and left leg stance after rehabilitation (p<0.05). The findings showed significant differences in the reduced pain intensity on the VAS (p=0.0001), improved functional status in ODI and improved static balance (p<0.01), in favour of the study group. Conclusion. The protocol which additionally included manual therapy was found to be more effective than the basic programme. Its superiority was reflected by greater pain reduction, more visibly improved functional status as well as improved static balance.Item Change in patients’ psychophysical performance following lumbar discectomy relative to the postoperative rehabilitation programme(2019) Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Sobański, Grzegorz; Guzik, Agnieszka; Maciejczak, AndrzejAbstract Background. The aim of this study was to assess the change in psychophysical performance of patients after lumbar discectomy in relation to the postoperative rehabilitation programme. Material and Methods. The study involved 60 participants randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals. Both groups participated in a basic version of the rehabilitation programme, and individuals in the study group additionally received manual therapy. The evaluation was performed twice, before the start and after the completion of the 3-month rehabilitation programme. The tests were carried out to measure static balance, functional status using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), lumbar spine range of motion using the original Schober’s test and the intensity of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results. Both groups showed significant improvement in most of the psychophysical parameters assessed (study versus control p<0.01;p<0.05), except for the parameters of balance. In the study group, significant changes occurred in all parameters except X average, Area circular and average velocity in trials with eyes closed and left leg stance after rehabilitation (p<0.05). The findings showed significant differences in the reduced pain intensity on the VAS (p=0.0001), improved functional status in ODI and improved static balance (p<0.01), in favour of the study group. Conclusion. The protocol which additionally included manual therapy was found to be more effective than the basic programme. Its superiority was reflected by greater pain reduction, more visibly improved functional status as well as improved static balance.Item Change in patients’ psychophysical performance following lumbar discectomy relative to the postoperative rehabilitation programme(2023) Wolan-Nieroda, Andżelina; Sobański, Grzegorz; Guzik, Agnieszka; Maciejczak, AndrzejAbstract Background: The aim of this study was to assess the change in psychophysical performance of patients after lumbar discectomy in relation to the postoperative rehabilitation programme. Material and Methods: The study involved 60 participants randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals. Both groups participated in a basic version of the rehabilitation programme, and individuals in the study group additionally received manual therapy. The evaluation was performed twice, before the start and after the completion of the 3-month rehabilitation programme. The tests were carried out to measure static balance, functional status using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), lumbar spine range of motion using the original Schober’s test and the intensity of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in most of the psychophysical parameters assessed (study versus control p<0.01;p<0.05), except for the parameters of balance. In the study group, significant changes occurred in all parameters except X average, Area circular and average velocity in trials with eyes closed and left leg stance after rehabilitation (p<0.05). The findings showed significant differences in the reduced pain intensity on the VAS (p=0.0001), improved functional status in ODI and improved static balance (p<0.01), in favour of the study group. Conclusion: The protocol which additionally included manual therapy was found to be more effective than the basic programme. Its superiority was reflected by greater pain reduction, more visibly improved functional status as well as improved static balance.