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Item type: Item , Effect of foliar application of microelements on chlorophyll content, canopy architecture indicators, and physiological parameters of Hordeum vulgare L. plants(PeerJ Publishing, 2025-09-18) Stadnik, Barbara; Tobiasz-Salach, Renata; Migut, DagmaraBackground The availability of nutrients determines the proper development and yield of plants. Microelements play an important role primarily as cofactors of important enzymes in the metabolic and physiological processes of plants. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most popular cereals in the world. It is used mainly as animal feed and as a raw material for the brewing industry. Methods A three-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar spraying of plants with single-component fertilizers containing copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc on the physiological parameters of barley plants. In the experiment, three malting barley cultivars were tested: Baryłka, KWS Irina, RGT Planet. During the vegetation period of the plants after foliar fertilization, canopy architecture indices, chlorophyll content in leaves, and gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. Results The foliar application of each of the microelements tested caused a significant increase in the chlorophyll content in the leaves and canopy architecture parameters (LAI and MTA) compared to the control. Furthermore, a significant increase in gas exchange parameters was also observed: intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), net photosynthetic rate (PN) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), fraction of active PSII reaction centers (RC/ABS), potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/F0), and performance index (PI). The highest results of physiological parameters such as CCI, Ci, E, Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and PI were recorded after the application of zinc fertilizer. LAI and MTA were highest in plots with plants sprayed with molybdenum-based fertilizer. The foliar application of Cu caused the greatest increase in Ci and PN. The experiment showed significant genotypic differences. The RGT Planet cultivar had a higher chlorophyll content, E and PN parameters among the tested cultivars. The KWS Irina cultivar was characterized by the highest values of canopy architecture parameters and significantly lower values of CCI, Fv/Fm and Fv/F0 compared to the Baryłka and RGT Planet.Item type: Item , Impact of Foliar Application of Copper, Manganese, Molybdenum, and Zinc on the Chemical Composition and Malting Quality of Barley Cultivars(MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2025-11-20) Stadnik, Barbara; Tobiasz-Salach, Renata; Migut, DagmaraThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of selected micro-nutrients on the chemical composition and malting quality of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The scientific literature lacks in-depth studies that assess the effect of foliar application of micronutrients on barley malting quality. Most studies (especially under field conditions) focus on nitrogen fertilization rather than individual micronutrients. Three brewing-type barley cultivars (Baryłka, KWS Irina, and RGT Planet) were evaluated under foliar micronutrient fertilization (Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn). Fertilizers were applied at doses of 2 L ha−1 for Cu, Mn, and Zn and 1 L ha−1 for Mo. The experiment examined the hectoliter mass, theoretical extractability, contents of selected micro- and macronutrients, and the protein, fat, fiber, and ash contents of the grain. Furthermore, the following characteristics of barley malt were determined, i.e., moisture, protein, extractivity, Kolbach index, and diastatic power. The results showed significant variability in grain and malt quality depending on the cultivar and year. The Baryłka cultivar was characterized by the highest grain density (66.3 kg hL−1) and protein content (10.9% d.m.), while RGT Planet had the highest extractivity and the most favorable malting profile. Foliar supplementation had a slightly positive effect on the average content of trace elements in barley. Mn application increased grain Ca content by 5.6% compared with the control, while foliar Zn fertilization resulted in the highest zinc concentration (a 24.7% increase). No significant effect of fertilization on malt quality was observed, but a significant interaction of experimental factors in extractivity, Kolbach index, and diastatic power was noted. The obtained results indicate that a single foliar application of microelements affects the contents of minerals and protein in the grain, but it does not lead to a significant improvement in malting parameters. This suggests the need for further research on dosage, application date, and interactions between the cultivar and environmental conditions.Item type: Item , Wizualizacja SEM(Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, 2025-12-16) Kus-Liśkiewicz, Małgorzata; Płoch, DariuszAnaliza i identyfikacja metodą SEM cząstek deponowanych na filtrach powietrza zebranych w e współpracy z GIOŚ.Item type: Item , Chemical Composition and Free Radical Content during Saharan Dust episode in SE Poland(2025) Cieniek, Bogumił; Płoch, Dariusz; Brewka, Julia; Kluska, Katarzyna; Stefaniuk, Ireneusz; Kasprzyk, IdaliaThis study aimed to verify whether Saharan dust reached south-eastern Poland in spring 2025 and to assess its influence on the chemical composition and oxidative po-tential of particulate matter. Using an ultra-sensitive Dekati instrument, aerosols were measured across fifteen size fractions (6 nm–10 µm), enabling the detection particulate matter even in the finest particles — a feature not previously documented for Saharan dust. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to quantitatively deter-mine and identify radicals associated with different PM fractions. The analysis revealed a high content of ultrafine particulate matter (<1 µm), which may pose a potential risk to human health. The chemical composition of the particulate matter confirmed the long-range transport of Saharan dust over SE Poland at the beginning of March 2025. EPR measurements indicated a relatively large amount of pollutants that exhibited magnetic properties, which were not detected in the control samples. The use of ad-vanced measurement instrumentation enabled the detection of ultrafine fractions and the identification of free radicals associated with Saharan dust, providing new insight into its oxidative potential and chemical reactivity.Item type: Item , Binaural Field Recordings from the Golf Course in Trzciana(Sustainability, 2025-10-30) Gajdek, Agata; Sołtysik, Anna; Wójcik, Sebastian; Martyka, AnnaNoise exposure in urbanized environments poses a growing challenge to human health and well-being. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify and preserve areas with high acoustic quality to support restorative experiences in urban environments. This study examined the soundscape of the Two Ponds Golf Course in Trzciana, Po-land, and evaluated its potential as a setting for acoustic and psychological regenera-tion. A mixed-method design was adopted, integrating a questionnaire survey of 36 players (n = 36), binaural sound recordings, and landscape analysis. The results indi-cated that 63% of respondents evaluated the sound environment positively, highlight-ing the dominance of natural sounds (birds, wind, and amphibians), complemented by golf-related and rural background sounds. Only 13% of respondents perceived the sounds as disruptive. Occasional negative acoustic events, such as aircraft overflights or lawnmower activity, occurred infrequently and had a limited influence on the over-all positive perception of the site. These findings suggest that suburban golf courses may function as “soundscape refugia,” providing restorative auditory experiences while supporting biodiversity conservation.